Category: Biblical Studies

Here is Brian Daley’s talk abstract from the Regent College Center for Catholic-Evangelical Dialogue conference on theological interpretation.  Looks like a great conference, wish I could go.  The theological interpretation movement, in my view, is one of the most fruitful efforts to understand scripture-as-scripture, avoiding the extremes of both literalistic and demythologizing heremeneutics.

Today, as a result of renewed interest in early Christian biblical interpretation, and of the widely shared sense that the historical-critical study of the Scriptures cannot, by itself, nourish the spiritual hunger of Christian disciples, many people who read the Bible as the norm of their faith and life are convinced that the only kind of interpretation that can do justice to the biblical text must be theological: a style of interpretation that takes God and God’s work in the world seriously, as the true shaper of the text and as its final meaning. Here, with the help of some of the Church Fathers, we will set out to ask what “theological interpretation of Scripture” might mean. The God proclaimed by the Christian Bible is a God who is always engaged with history, and with human beings: the God who creates, judges, heals, unifies, and steers the human race steadily towards union with Himself. Christians understand that this takes place because God is Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, and that it is in the history of creation and salvation itself that God’s Trinitarian identity has gradually become known: that what Patristic authors called “theology,” in the strict sense — speaking about God — itself becomes possible. For Christians, this takes place in the Church: the community of disciples unified by hearing and living from God’s Word, the place in which the scriptural canon is identified and its messages interpreted. Because we always live and speak in the context of history, we need to use all the tools of modern historical and philological scholarship to identify what any particular biblical text originally may have been intended to say; but we need also to hear that text in our own context of lived faith, if the text is to remain the saving Word of God for us, and not to be simply an ancient religious document. To read any particular passage of the Bible without historical and critical awareness may well prevent us from understanding its full meaning correctly; but to read it without faith, and apart from our own context within a worshipping community, keeps us from understanding that full meaning as a part of Holy Scripture, and as the Word of life.

Here is a video promo for an adult education class I’ll be teaching in October at my church.  Below the video clip is a blurb about the class.

Revelation is a strange and often frightening text.  Christians have struggled for almost two thousand years to understand it.  Today, it is often used to support detailed scenarios of what will happen in the “end times.”  Perhaps you’ve read novels or seen movies that take this popular approach.

While these books and movies can be entertaining, they probably don’t have very much to do with what the text of Revelation meant in its original context, or with what it might mean for us today.   We’ll explore the thought world in which the text was produced — the genre of “apocalyptic” literature, particularly among Jewish people in the first century A.D. — to gain insights about the meaning of the text to its first hearers.  Then we’ll consider how the horizons of the text relate to the horizons of our contemporary understanding and concerns.

We won’t try to produce a final or complete interpretation of the mysteries contained in this text.  Instead, we’ll come to appreciate that, like all of scripture, this text points to the glory and beauty of Jesus Christ, the hope of all creation.

Daniel Kirk offers his “confessional” on theological interpretation.  It’s a great post, which I’m reproducing below.  I do have some nuances and questions — you can see my comments along with some other good discussion on Daniel’s blog.  (BTW, some readers may wonder why anyone would feel the need to “confess” to being a “theological interpreter” of the Bible.  Among serious professional academic Biblical scholars, this is indeed a controversial confession:  in the guild, there is a presumption that exegesis should be “neutral” and “scientific.”  How this relates to interpreters who take the text as in some way religiously normative has been a matter of acrimonious debate recently among members of the Society of Biblical Literature.   But Daniel is also dealing with the other side of the coin — how people who take the Bible as a religious authority can do so in a post-critical setting.)

Confession is good for the soul.

I confess, here just between you and me, that I am a theological interpreter of the Bible.

This is why I named my blog “Storied Theology,” in fact–because I believe deeply that theology is important (there’s the “theology” part).

But also because I am convinced that there are better ways to conceive of the theological task than traditional systematic, confessional, and dogmatic theology. There is a theology that trades in the diachronic and polyvalent nature of scripture itself, and that continues to embrace such inevitable change and diversity as the church itself continues to speak over time.

I am, at times, critical of things that are going on in the “Theological Interpretation” circles of the biblical studies academy. Why? What are those criticisms?

Two issues stand out:

First, there is a tendency among some of the theologians involved in the movement, especially, to use theological readings of scripture as a way to bypass critical issues. I am all for theological interpretation being post-critical (where historical criticism in its modernistic forms does not get the last word), but it cannot go back to being pre-critical.

Thus, for example, we cannot simply say, “God is the author of scripture, so Isa 7 was speaking of a coming, virgin-born Messiah all along,” without also acknowledging that for Isaiah and any audience before the first century that this coming virgin-born Messiah was manifestly not in view.

There is a critical issue that can’t be gotten around, even if we then go on to give a second reading that embraces the Christological telos of the biblical narrative.

Second, I am at times grumpy about “the Rule of Faith.”

From the above, you can see that this does not mean that I am against Christian readings of scripture; and I am not even against a Christian hermeneutic for reading pre-Christ material (in fact, I think that this is necessary).

What makes me nervous, and where I think Christian reading of the Bible has not been helpful in its pre-critical manifestations, is where the Rule of Faith, embodied in the Creeds and Confessions of the church, become the hermeneutic by which our Christian readings are done.

Thus, a Rule of Faith “hermeneutic” might always be approaching Jesus in the New Testament as fully God and fully human, wrestling with how this God-man helps us make sense of the story of Mark. Jesus as God-man might become a way to understand how Jesus can forgive sins, walk on water, or feed 5,000 in the desert.

The idea that we use the rule as a hermeneutical lens has a rich history. But in a post-critical, post-modern environment it cannot be the whole story and often, we must acknowledge now, keeps us from recognizing a better one.

A first reading of Mark should recognize that its Christology is not John’s logos Christology. It may very well be that Jesus here is not depicted as pre-existent at all. We have to wrestle with the fact that neither “Christ” nor “Lord” means “divine” in an early Jewish context, whatever their subsequent connotations in Christian theology.

But such a claim that Mark develops a theology of a human messiah also does not contradict the faith of the church, which always maintains against Gnostic tendencies that Jesus is truly human. It falls within the trajectories set by the church’s Faith without using that Faith as a hermeneutic to transform the meaning of the story or Jesus’ identity within it.

The theology I am for is a theology that takes the Bible seriously–and that Bible as we know it is, in part, the Bible as critical scholarship has opened our eyes to it. And what it means for me to be a Christian is to continue to build theology for the church trusting that this Bible we actually have is, in fact, the Bible that God wants us to have.

While resisting the pre-critical moves that I do not think we can make anymore because we are more aware of issues of theological diversity and the like, I continue to affirm that the God who created the world is the God who has acted in the death and resurrection of Jesus and through the Spirit in the church. I continue to affirm that we know all this only through the Bible which is the record of and witness to, the revelation of God to humanity.

Because the story keeps pointing in these directions, I can continue to say with the church of all times, “I believe in God the Father almighty, maker of Heaven and Earth, and in Jesus Christ his only son…”

I do theological interpretation because I am convinced that the Bible, a theological construct in its own right, continues to tell us what the church’s story is.