Categories
Theology

What is Man?

This my “Q&A” response for this Sunday’s Project Timothy meeting:

What does Psalm 8 teach us about man’s place in the universe?  What, if anything, was the original writer trying to spell out concerning God’s hierarchy of living things? As a result, what do we take away from the Psalm today?

Exegesis:

This Psalm opens with a declaration of on God’s majesty (v. 1).  It offers a vindication of God against His enemies (v. 2).  This vindication comes in an unexpected form:  “the mouth of infants and nursing babes” (v. 2).  Verses 3-8 expand on the ways in which human beings, created by God and acting as His vice-regents over creation, bring God glory.  Verse 9 repeats the declaration of God’s majesty as a sort of liturgical response.

 The statement that human beings rule over God’s creation and that “all things” are “put under [man’s] feet” (v.6) is picked up in two Christological passages in the New Testament, 1 Cor. 15:27 and Heb. 2:6-11.  Both of those New Testament passages refer to the parousia, in which everything that opposes God’s mission of bringing shalom to the world, including death, will finally be subject to Christ.  The NT authors see Christ as the perfect type of humanity, faithfully executing the role of the Father’s vice-regent in creation.

Hermeneutics / Application

This Psalm affirms that human beings have a unique role in God’s economy of creation and salvation.  God did not have to choose humanity for this role, as creation is filled with other wonders that bring God glory (v. 3).  God’s choice of a creature that is born weak and helpless reflects His unexpected, paradigm-changing grace, and demonstrates the foolishness of human beings who wish to exalt themselves over God.  It also imbues humanity with extraordinary dignity (v.5).  The New Testament references to this Psalm present Christ as the culmination of humanity and the hinge on which God’s plan of redemption turns.

We take away from this Psalm that human beings deserve a high degree of respect.  If man is made “a little lower than God” (v. 5), then every human being is in a sense god-like.  This has enormous ethical implications.  It provides a foundation for human rights law, for example. 

At the same time, the Psalm and its application in the New Testament remind us that humanity is not autonomous from God.  In fact, humanity, like all of creation, is designed to bring God glory.  Moreover, the “first” humanity has turned from its responsibility and has exchanged its God-given glory for the broken visage of sin.  Only in Christ, the “new” perfect man, is humanity fully restored to its place and able to enjoy all the blessings God intends for us.

Categories
Law and Policy

Making History

This morning I participated in history.  I walked into the Midland Park, New Jersey Public Library, the polling site for my district.  Three elderly ladies staffed the table where I signed the voter log and received a paper ticket indicating my eligibility to vote.  I stepped up to the voting machine (there was no line) and handed another elderly attendant my ticket.  She threaded the ticket onto a long string full of tickets.  I walked through the curtain and paused for a moment to consider the privilege I was about to exercise.  In a moment I would press a button to submit my vote for (arguably) the most powerful political job in the world.  The campaign had been fierce and both sides offered wonderfully path-breaking choices — a black man for President or a woman for Vice President.  There were no guns.  There was no blood, no fear, no coercion.  Just me and some buttons.  I made my choices and left in peace.  History won’t remember my vote, but it will remember this day.

Categories
Law and Policy

Concurring Opinions: Patent Damage Awards

I’m guest blogging this week at Concurring Opinions, a law faculty blog.  Here’s my first post, on patent damage awards.

Categories
Spirituality Theology

Old and New Thoughts on Hope

“Therefore we live as children of God even in this present life, sanctifying ourselves by virtue and striving toward the likeness of something even better.  Encouraged by this, we shall be fashioned according to the brightness of the resurrection, when we shall see him, insofar as that is possible, as he is.”  (Severus of Antioch, 520 A.D.).

 “[T]he church that takes seriously the fact that in and through Jesus the Creator God has grasped the world of matter once more and has transformed it by his own person and presence, and will one day fill it with his knowledge and glory as the waters cover the sea, not only will seek to celebrate the coming of God in Christ in and through the sacramental elements but also will go straight from baptism and the Eucharist to make God’s healing, transforming presence a reality in the physical matter of real life.”  (N.T. Wright, Surprised by Hope).

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Spirituality Text(s) of Scripture Theology

Text(s) of Scripture: Word and Walk

This is the next entry in the Text(s) of Scripture series with yours truly and Thomas.  Our text this go-round is 1 John 2:4-11:

We can be sure we know him if we obey is commands.  The man who says, “I know him,” but does not do what he commands is a liar, and the truth is not in him.  But if anyone obeys his word, God’s love is truly made complete in him.  This is how we know we are in him:  Whoever claims to live in him must walk as Jesus did.

Dear friends, I am not writing you a new command but an old one, which you have had since the beginning.  This old command is the message you have heard.  Yet I am writing you a new command:  its truth is seen in him and you, because the darkness is passing and the true light is already shining.

Anyone who claims to be in the light but hates his brother is still in the darkness.  Whoever loves his brother lives in the light, and there is nothing in him to make him stumble.  But whoever hates his brother is in the darkness and walks around in the darkness; he does not know where he is going, because the darkness has blinded him.

 Thomas:

 This passage makes apparent that the Word is not fulfilled until it is obeyed.  That is why prophecy is only cautionary and rhetoric if it is not fulfilled.  When prophecy is fulfilled, the words achieve their full purpose and meaning.  We should view the words of Christ in the same way: that God’s love is not made complete in us until we obey his words.

Obedience has often been maligned for being “works” or “the law” or false “justification.”  True obedience is not like this.  As John writes, obedience is a journey or pilgrimage: “whoever claims to live in him must walk as Jesus did.”  Obedience is staying on the right path, the path we are on because of faith as well.  Faith and obedience need each other to survive and grow—the “law” or “works,” in their sparsest and cruelest followings, do not need faith.  Obedience is finding the old within the new, as Jesus himself was the new covenant that fulfills and surpasses the old covenant.  This obedience to the Word, to Christ, is not a woeful and bleak struggle against the flesh—it is a purifying pilgrimage that sees the light at the end of the tunnel.  Often when the “struggle against the flesh” is framed in conversation the struggle is made out to be futile.  We never seem to be able to win out over it.  That is the narrow-minded and short-sightedness of viewing obedience as only “works.”  When we have faith and works, we can trust that though we struggle, and sometimes struggle mightily, we can rejoice “because the darkness is passing and the true light is already shining.”  The Word is the light that shines on our faith-journey.  Our obedience to the Word of Christ is the calling we all follow faithfully as we pilgrimage to the place where the true light is already shining. 

If we lose our way, as the person who hates their brother does, we will find darkness precisely because we have strayed from the path of our pilgrimage.  We have no longer been obedient to the race we have been called to run, to borrow from Paul.  This is why viewing obedience not as “works” but as walking in the footsteps of Christ makes sense of the grim outlook of John’s example here.  If we step off the path and are no longer obedient, and the more we are disobedient and venture further and further from the narrow road we have been called to travel on, we loose sight of the Light of the Word and become lost in the darkness.  Like a traveler who becomes lost in the wilderness, or a horse who ventures off the path in the night, we may suddenly find ourselves in the impenetrable darkness of this world.  We should fear for our selves and our soul, but we should never fear that Christ has abandoned us.  His Word is written on his followers’ hearts, and those who have lost there way should repent and begin to follow his commandments.  When we follow his commandments, we will find the darkness of our surroundings and our soul begin to fade, as the darkness fades at dawn, and the Light of Christ the eternal Word will guide us back onto the pilgrim’s path.

Dave:  

I want to focus on the connection between obeying God’s “word” and “walk[ing] as Jesus did.”  We sometimes focus so much on the “word” as a set of commands and restrictions that we forget Jesus is the incarnate “Word.”  You can’t imitate the “walk” of a written word.  

Written words can offer instruction, guidelines, and rules useful to a practice.  I’ve read lots of things about playing guitar — the rules of music theory, things to avoid or to do (“use the back of your picking hand thumb to produce pinched harmonics…”), stories of other players’ successes and failures.  But with any difficult technique, at some point I need someone to show me how it’s done.  Then I need to just do it, to get it into my own hands and fingers until it becomes automatic.

So it is, I think, with following Jesus.  The written words of scripture are transformative.  They begin to seep into our ways of thinking about what life is for and how it should be lived.  But the words aren’t given for their own sake, and they aren’t given alone.  The walk of Jesus, his way of dealing with people, his way of relating to the Father, his strength in temptation, his heartbreak over evil and suffering, his sacrificial death, is there for us to observe as well.   So “word” is only really “Word” in us when our “walk” starts to look like our Rabbi’s.

Categories
Law and Policy Spirituality

Obama Will Turn the U.S. Into China

Or at least that’s what James Dobson seems to think.  In fairness, it’s possible that some of the things Dobson fears could happen, at least to some degree, if the Supreme Court’s makeup dramatically changes.  But this document is so over-the-top that on the whole it can only be viewed as unhinged.  This sort of thing is calculated to induce fear.  How many times does scripture encourage us not to be afraid (e.g. Rom. 8:15)?  On that basis alone, this screed is profoundly wrong.   But even beyond this, the dramatic scope of what Dobson predicts here is surpassingly unlikely to obtain even if Obama is elected.  What a shame that so many good people will swallow this hook, line and sinker, and will live in fear as a result.

Friends, whatever our political views, whatever may come, let’s try to remember what St. Paul said to a rag-tag group of Christians living in the heart of imperial Rome:

What, then, shall we say in response to this?  If God is for us, who can be against us? He who did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all—how will he not also, along with him, graciously give us all things? Who will bring any charge against those whom God has chosen? It is God who justifies. Who is he that condemns? Christ Jesus, who died—more than that, who was raised to life—is at the right hand of God and is also interceding for us. Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall trouble or hardship or persecution or famine or nakedness or danger or sword? As it is written: 
   “For your sake we face death all day long; 
      we are considered as sheep to be slaughtered.”

No, in all these things we are more than conquerors through him who loved us. For I am convinced that neither death nor life, neither angels nor demons, neither the present nor the future, nor any powers, neither height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God that is in Christ Jesus our Lord.  Rom. 8:31-39.  

Categories
Spirituality Theology

Priests Pointing People to God

The sermon at church last week focused on Exodus 19 and 1 Peter 2:  “But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for God’s own possession, so that you may proclaim the excellencies of Him who has called you out of darkness into His marvelous light….”

This is profound on so many levels, but I particularly appreciated how Pastor Fred tied this into small group ministries.  Each of us involved in a small group is a “priest” to the others.  We are able to offer each other words of encouragement, reassurance of forgiveness, and hope in difficult circumstances, because we represent Christ to each other.  And the same is true for our local communities and our world.  This is missional theology at work.

Categories
Culture Spirituality Theology

Nature's Witness

If you read one book on the relationship between faith and science this year, it should be Daniel Harrell‘s Nature’s Witness:  How Evolution Can Inspire Faith.

Harrell is Associate Minister at Park Street Church in Boston.  Park Street has been a leading evangelical church for 200 years.  Given its location in Boston, near some of the world’s greatest universities, Park Street’s missional context requires it to maintain a significant level of intellectual rigor.  It is important that a Pastor in this church has been able to take on the challenge of examining evolutionary biology honestly and forthrightly from the perspective of evangelical faith.  

There are three key strengths to Harrell’s book that I think are lacking in varying degrees in similar books recently authored by scientists such as Francis Collins.  First, Harrell recognizes the discomfort this subject causes for many evangelicals, and uses a conversational style that diffuses some of that angst.  Second, Harrell is thoroughly trained in evangelical theology (he studied at Gordon Conwell Seminary), and therefore is more careful with scripture and theology than some other faith-and-science writers.  Third, Harrell offers some frameworks for resolving the tensions that arise from honest efforts to relate an evangelical commitment to scripture and a fearless look at the scientific evidence.  He is not willing to accept false dichotomies between the truths of nature and the truths of scripture, yet he is able to make space for the tensions that inevitably result from any efforts at synthesis.

Harrell’s overall approach is summed up in this passage:

The controversy between Christian faith and evolution is exacerbated by increasing mounds of scientific data that lend weight to evolution. Paleontology, biochemistry, cosmology, physics, genetics—you name the discipline—each regularly puts forth newly discovered evidence in support of Darwin’s simple idea of descent with modification. While some people of faith choose to keep their doors closed, shutting out science is not necessary. Christian faith by definition defies human conceptions of reality (1 Cor 3:19). Its claims are grounded in extraordinary events that defy scientific explanation (most importantly the incarnation and resurrection of Jesus). But God is not only present where science is silent; he remains present even where science speaks loudest. The expansiveness of the universe, the beauty and complexity of organic life and the remarkable makeup of human consciousness—naturally explicable occurrences—are also interpreted by Christians as manifestations of God (Rom 1:20). Christianity consistently asserts that all truth is God’s truth, implying that faith and science, despite differences when it comes to explaining why, nevertheless should agree in regard to what is. Why bother talking about God if God has no relation to observable reality?

The last line in this paragraph — why bother talking about God if God has no relation to observable reality — is essential to a missional stance today, I think.  We cannot shut our church doors to reality, we cannot bury our heads in the sand, we cannot deny what is obvious.  If our faith requires us to run and hide from discoveries about the natural world, it is not a faith worth having.  If our only apologetic response to surprising evidence from nature is to villify, attack, question the motives of the discoverers, and construct an elaborately obscuratanist epistemology grounded in massive conspiracy theories (all of the world’s scientists are lying to us!), then it should be no surprise if “church” becomes more and more irrelevant in our culture.  Thankfully, there are more an more people like Harrell who are capable of winsomely thinking things through in the best tradition of evangelical faith.

I hope to do a series on this book, as follows:  (1) more on God and reality; (2) the problem of divine action; (3) important theological tensions; (4) missional conversations on faith and science in local churches.

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Quote of the Day

Quote of the Day

“Writing, to me, is simply thinking with my fingers.”  — Isaac Asimov

Categories
Spirituality

Emerging Scholars' Network Conference

No, this one doesn’t have anything to do with the emerging church.  It’s Intervarsity’s annual conference for young Christian scholars.  This one looks great:  plenary sessions by Andy Crouch, Francis Collins, and NT Wright, among others.  Gotta see if I can get to this one.